Raoult's law states that the partial vapour pressure of a component is:

Boiling point elevation is given by:

Osmotic pressure of a solution is given by:

An ideal solution obeys:

Henry's law constant (KH) for a gas is high. This means:

Van't Hoff factor i for NaCl in dilute solution is:

Freezing point depression of water by a non-volatile solute is:

Azeotropes are mixtures that:

Reverse osmosis is used for:

Colligative properties depend on:

Positive deviation from Raoult's law means:

The van't Hoff factor for glucose in water is:

Molal depression constant Kf depends on:

Isotonic solutions have:

An example of negative deviation from Raoult's law:

Molar mass of a non-volatile solute can be determined by:

Solubility of a gas in liquid increases with:

A solution with vapour pressure lower than pure solvent is called:

Ebullioscopic constant Kb has units:

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution: