JEE Chemistry Formula Sheet 2026
The most comprehensive JEE Chemistry formula collection — 130+ formulas across Physical, Organic & Inorganic Chemistry. Each formula tagged by exam frequency so you know what to prioritize.
Mole Concept & Stoichiometry
12 formulasMoles
Must Known = mass / M = molecules / Nₐ = volume(STP) / 22.4L
Avogadro's Number
Must KnowNₐ = 6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹
Molarity
Must KnowM = moles of solute / volume of solution (L)
Molality
High Freqm = moles of solute / mass of solvent (kg)
Normality
High FreqN = equivalents / volume (L) = M × n-factor
Mole Fraction
High Freqχₐ = nₐ / (nₐ + n_b)
ppm
Mediumppm = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 10⁶
Equivalent Weight
High FreqE = Molecular Weight / n-factor
Limiting Reagent
Must KnowCompare moles / stoichiometric coefficient
Smallest ratio = limiting reagent
% Yield
Medium% yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100
Vapour Density
MediumVD = M / 2
For gases
Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes
MediumV₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂ (at same T, P)
Atomic Structure
12 formulasde Broglie Wavelength
Must Knowλ = h / mv = h / p
Bohr Radius
Must Knowrₙ = 0.529 × n² / Z Å
Bohr Energy
Must KnowEₙ = −13.6 Z² / n² eV
Bohr Velocity
High Freqvₙ = 2.18 × 10⁶ × Z / n m/s
Bohr Frequency
Mediumνₙ = 6.58 × 10¹⁵ × Z² / n³ Hz
Rydberg Formula
Must Know1/λ = RZ²(1/n₁² − 1/n₂²)
R = 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹
Heisenberg Uncertainty
High FreqΔx · Δp ≥ h / 4π
Photoelectric Effect
Must KnowE = hν = hc/λ = KE + φ
Number of Spectral Lines
High FreqLines = n(n−1)/2
From nth level to ground
Magnetic Quantum Number Range
High Freqmₗ = −l to +l
2l+1 orbitals per subshell
Max Electrons per Shell
Must Know2n²
Nodes
High FreqRadial nodes = n − l − 1; Angular nodes = l; Total = n − 1
Chemical Thermodynamics
14 formulasFirst Law
Must KnowΔU = q + w
IUPAC sign convention
Enthalpy
Must KnowH = U + PV
Gibbs Free Energy
Must KnowΔG = ΔH − TΔS
Gibbs & Equilibrium
Must KnowΔG° = −RT ln K = −2.303RT log K
Gibbs & Cell EMF
Must KnowΔG° = −nFE°_cell
Work (Reversible Isothermal)
Must Knoww = −nRT ln(V₂/V₁) = −2.303nRT log(V₂/V₁)
Work (Irreversible)
High Freqw = −P_ext(V₂ − V₁)
Heat Capacity (Cp − Cv)
Must KnowCp − Cv = nR
For ideal gas
Hess's Law
Must KnowΔH_rxn = Σ ΔH_f(products) − Σ ΔH_f(reactants)
Kirchhoff's Equation
High FreqΔH₂ − ΔH₁ = ΔCp(T₂ − T₁)
Bond Energy
High FreqΔH = Σ BE(reactants) − Σ BE(products)
Trouton's Rule
MediumΔS_vap ≈ 88 J/mol·K
For non-associated liquids
Entropy Change
High FreqΔS = q_rev / T = nCp ln(T₂/T₁) + nR ln(V₂/V₁)
Spontaneity Criteria
Must KnowΔG < 0 → spontaneous; ΔG = 0 → equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium
11 formulasEquilibrium Constant (Kc)
Must KnowKc = [Products]^coefficients / [Reactants]^coefficients
Kp & Kc Relation
Must KnowKp = Kc(RT)^Δn
Δn = moles gas products − reactants
Reaction Quotient
Must KnowQ vs K: Q < K → forward; Q > K → backward
Degree of Dissociation
High Freqα = √(Kp / (Kp + P)) for A ⇌ B + C
Van't Hoff Equation
High Freqln(K₂/K₁) = (ΔH°/R)(1/T₁ − 1/T₂)
Le Chatelier's Principle
Must KnowSystem shifts to oppose imposed change
T↑, P↑, concentration changes
Kw (Water)
Must KnowKw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C
Henderson-Hasselbalch
Must KnowpH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
Buffer Capacity
Mediumβ = ΔB / ΔpH
Max when pH = pKa
Solubility Product
Must KnowKsp = [Aⁿ⁺]^m × [Bᵐ⁻]^n for AmBn
Common Ion Effect
High FreqSolubility decreases with common ion
Chemical Kinetics
10 formulasRate Law
Must KnowRate = k[A]^m[B]^n
m,n from experiment, not stoichiometry
Zero Order
Must Know[A] = [A]₀ − kt; t½ = [A]₀/2k
First Order
Must Knowk = (2.303/t)log([A]₀/[A]); t½ = 0.693/k
Second Order
High Freq1/[A] = 1/[A]₀ + kt; t½ = 1/(k[A]₀)
Arrhenius Equation
Must Knowk = Ae^(−Ea/RT)
Arrhenius (Two Temp)
Must Knowlog(k₂/k₁) = (Ea/2.303R)(1/T₁ − 1/T₂)
Temperature Coefficient
Mediumμ = k(T+10)/k(T) ≈ 2–3
Pseudo First Order
High FreqRate = k'[A] where k' = k[B]₀
When [B] >> [A]
nth Order Half-Life
High Freqt½ ∝ [A]₀^(1−n)
General relationship
Catalyst Effect
Must KnowEa(catalyzed) < Ea(uncatalyzed); k increases
Electrochemistry
11 formulasNernst Equation
Must KnowE = E° − (0.0592/n)log Q
At 25°C
Cell EMF
Must KnowE°_cell = E°_cathode − E°_anode
Faraday's 1st Law
Must Knoww = ZIt = (M × I × t)/(n × F)
Faraday's 2nd Law
High Freqw₁/w₂ = E₁/E₂
Same charge passed
Faraday's Constant
Must KnowF = 96485 C/mol ≈ 96500 C/mol
Conductance
High FreqG = 1/R = κ × A/l
Molar Conductivity
Must KnowΛm = κ × 1000/M
M = molarity
Kohlrausch's Law
Must KnowΛ°m = ν₊λ°₊ + ν₋λ°₋
Λm at Dilution (Weak)
High Freqα = Λm / Λ°m
Degree of dissociation
Debye-Hückel-Onsager
MediumΛm = Λ°m − b√c
For strong electrolytes
Lead Storage Battery
High FreqPb + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ ⇌ 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O
Solutions & Colligative Properties
11 formulasRaoult's Law
Must KnowP = P°ₐxₐ + P°_bx_b
Relative Lowering of VP
Must Know(P° − P)/P° = χ_solute = n₂/(n₁ + n₂)
Elevation in BP
Must KnowΔTb = Kb × m × i
Depression in FP
Must KnowΔTf = Kf × m × i
Osmotic Pressure
Must Knowπ = iCRT = inRT/V
Van't Hoff Factor
Must Knowi = 1 + (n−1)α
α = degree of dissociation
Kb Formula
MediumKb = RT²bM₁ / (1000 × ΔH_vap)
Kf Formula
MediumKf = RT²fM₁ / (1000 × ΔH_fus)
Henry's Law
High FreqP = KH × χ
For gas solubility
Ideal vs Non-ideal
High FreqΔH_mix = 0, ΔV_mix = 0 for ideal
Positive Deviation
High FreqP_total > P°ₐxₐ + P°_bx_b
A-B weaker than A-A, B-B
Organic Chemistry — Reactions & Mechanisms
20 formulasDegree of Unsaturation
Must KnowDoU = (2C + 2 + N − H − X) / 2
Markovnikov's Rule
Must KnowH adds to C with more H atoms (HX addition)
Anti-Markovnikov
Must KnowHBr + peroxide → anti-Markovnikov addition
Kharasch effect
SN1 Rate
Must KnowRate = k[substrate]; 3° > 2° > 1°
SN2 Rate
Must KnowRate = k[substrate][nucleophile]; methyl > 1° > 2°
Walden inversion
E1 vs E2
High FreqE1: unimolecular, carbocation; E2: bimolecular, anti-periplanar
Saytzeff Rule
Must KnowMore substituted alkene is major product
Hofmann Rule
High FreqLess substituted alkene with bulky base/quaternary N
Acidity Order (Functional Groups)
Must KnowRCOOH > ArOH > ROH > HC≡CH > NH₃ > RH
Basicity Order (Amines, gas)
High Freq3° > 2° > 1° > NH₃ (in gas phase)
Basicity Order (Amines, aq)
High Freq2° > 1° > 3° > NH₃ (in water)
Solvation + steric effects
Inductive Effect Order
High Freq−NO₂ > −CN > −COOH > −F > −Cl > −Br > −I (−I)
+M Groups
High Freq−NH₂ > −NHR > −OH > −OR > −NHCOR (activating)
−M Groups
High Freq−NO₂ > −CN > −CHO > −COR > −COOH (deactivating)
Aldol Condensation
High FreqR-CHO + R-CHO → β-hydroxy aldehyde → α,β-unsaturated aldehyde
Cannizzaro Reaction
High Freq2HCHO → CH₃OH + HCOONa (with NaOH)
No α-H aldehydes
Grignard Reaction
Must KnowRMgX + HCHO → 1° alcohol; RCHO → 2°; R₂CO → 3°
Tollen's Test
High FreqRCHO + 2Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ → RCOO⁻ + 2Ag↓ (silver mirror)
Fehling's Test
High FreqRCHO + 2Cu²⁺ → RCOO⁻ + Cu₂O↓ (red ppt)
Not for aromatic aldehydes
Ozonolysis
Must KnowC=C + O₃ → carbonyl fragments
Reductive: Zn/H₂O; Oxidative: H₂O₂
Organic Chemistry — Named Reactions
14 formulasWurtz Reaction
High Freq2RX + 2Na → R-R + 2NaX
Coupling of alkyl halides
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
Must KnowArH + RX → ArR (with AlCl₃)
Friedel-Crafts Acylation
Must KnowArH + RCOCl → ArCOR (with AlCl₃)
No rearrangement
Kolbe's Reaction
High FreqArO⁻Na⁺ + CO₂ → ArOH-COOH (salicylic acid)
Reimer-Tiemann Reaction
High FreqArOH + CHCl₃/NaOH → ArOH-CHO (salicylaldehyde)
Williamson Synthesis
Must KnowRO⁻ + R'X → ROR' (ether synthesis)
Sandmeyer Reaction
Must KnowArN₂⁺ + CuX → ArX (X = Cl, Br, CN)
Gattermann Reaction
MediumArN₂⁺ + Cu/HCl → ArCl
Balz-Schiemann
High FreqArN₂⁺BF₄⁻ →Δ ArF + N₂ + BF₃
Clemmensen Reduction
Must KnowC=O → CH₂ (Zn-Hg/HCl)
Acidic conditions
Wolff-Kishner Reduction
Must KnowC=O → CH₂ (NH₂NH₂/KOH)
Basic conditions
Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky
High FreqRCOOH + Br₂/P → α-bromo acid
Rosenmund Reduction
High FreqRCOCl + H₂/Pd-BaSO₄ → RCHO
Partial reduction
Stephen Reduction
MediumRCN + SnCl₂/HCl → RCHO
Inorganic Chemistry — Coordination & Bonding
12 formulasMagnetic Moment
Must Knowμ = √(n(n+2)) BM
n = unpaired electrons
Crystal Field Splitting
Must KnowΔ_oct > Δ_tet; Δ_tet = 4/9 Δ_oct
Spectrochemical Series
Must KnowI⁻ < Br⁻ < Cl⁻ < F⁻ < OH⁻ < H₂O < NH₃ < en < NO₂⁻ < CN⁻ < CO
EAN Rule
High FreqEAN = Z − OS + 2(CN)
Effective atomic number
CFSE (Octahedral)
High FreqCFSE = (−0.4t₂g + 0.6eg)Δ_oct + pairing energy
Coordination Number
Must KnowCN = number of donor atoms bonded to metal
Lattice Energy
High FreqU ∝ (Z⁺ × Z⁻) / (r⁺ + r⁻)
Born-Landé equation
Born-Haber Cycle
Must KnowΔH_f = S + IE + ½D − EA − U
For ionic compounds
Fajan's Rules
Must KnowSmall cation + large anion → more covalent
Hybridization Formula
High FreqH = ½(V + M − C + A)
V=valence, M=monovalent, C=charge, A=attached
Bond Order
Must KnowBO = (Nb − Na) / 2
From MOT
Dipole Moment
High Freqμ = q × d (in Debye)
Surface Chemistry & Solid State
12 formulasFreundlich Adsorption
High Freqx/m = kP^(1/n)
1/n between 0 and 1
Langmuir Adsorption
High FreqP/(x/m) = 1/(ab) + P/a
Gold Number
Mediummg of protective colloid for colour change in 10mL gold sol
FCC Packing Efficiency
Must Know74%
4 atoms per unit cell; r = a/(2√2)
BCC Packing Efficiency
Must Know68%
2 atoms per unit cell; r = √3a/4
SC Packing Efficiency
High Freq52.4%
1 atom per unit cell; r = a/2
Density of Unit Cell
Must Knowρ = ZM / (a³Nₐ)
Z = atoms per cell
Bragg's Law
High Freqnλ = 2d sin θ
Void Radius (Octahedral)
High Freqr_void / r_sphere = 0.414
Void Radius (Tetrahedral)
High Freqr_void / r_sphere = 0.225
Schottky Defect
High FreqEqual cation + anion vacancies; density decreases
Frenkel Defect
High FreqIon displaced to interstitial; density unchanged
Pro Tips from Top Scorers
Physical Chemistry carries 30-35% marks — master Thermodynamics, Electrochemistry, and Equilibrium formulas first.
For Organic Chemistry, don't just memorize — understand WHY a reaction happens (nucleophilic attack, leaving group stability).
Create a "formula + 3 problems" revision card for each key formula.
Inorganic Chemistry is more about trends than formulas — build comparison tables for periodic properties.
Color-code formulas by chapter in your notebook: Physical = blue, Organic = green, Inorganic = red.
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