JEE Physics Formula Sheet 2026

v = u + at; s = ut + ½at²; v² = u² + 2as

v_AB = v_A − v_B

R = u²sin2θ / g

Max at θ = 45°

H = u²sin²θ / 2g

T = 2u sinθ / g

a_c = v²/r = ω²r

F = ma = dp/dt

f ≤ μN; f_kinetic = μ_k N

a = (m₁ − m₂)g / (m₁ + m₂); T = 2m₁m₂g / (m₁ + m₂)

F = −kx (Hooke's Law)

J = FΔt = Δp

W = F·d·cosθ = ∫F·ds

KE = ½mv²

U = −GMm/r (from infinity); U = mgh (near surface)

U = ½kx²

P = W/t = F·v

e = −(v₂ − v₁)/(u₂ − u₁)

0 ≤ e ≤ 1

v₁ = [(m₁−m₂)u₁ + 2m₂u₂]/(m₁+m₂)

τ = r × F = Iα

L = Iω = mvr (for particle)

I = ½MR²

I = ⅖MR²

I = ML²/12

I = I_cm + Md²

v = Rω; a = Rα

KE = ½mv²(1 + k²/R²)

k = radius of gyration

F = GMm/r²

v₀ = √(GM/r) = √(gR)

For near-surface orbit

vₑ = √(2gR) = √(2GM/R)

T² ∝ a³

PV = nRT

KE = (3/2)kT per molecule

v_rms = √(3RT/M) = √(3kT/m)

ΔU = Q − W

W = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)

PV^γ = constant; TV^(γ−1) = constant

η = 1 − T_cold/T_hot

P = σAT⁴

σ = 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴

Q/t = kA(T₁ − T₂)/L

x = A sin(ωt + φ)

T = 2π√(m/k)

T = 2π√(L/g)

v = ω√(A² − x²)

E = ½kA² = ½mω²A²

v = fλ = ω/k

v = √(T/μ)

T = tension, μ = linear mass density

f_beat = |f₁ − f₂|

f' = f(v ± v_observer)/(v ∓ v_source)

f_n = nv/2L

n = 1, 2, 3...

F = kq₁q₂/r²

k = 9 × 10⁹ Nm²/C²

E = kQ/r² = F/q₀

∮E·dA = Q_enc/ε₀

E = σ/2ε₀

E = σ/ε₀

V = kQ/r

U = kq₁q₂/r

C = ε₀A/d; with dielectric: C = Kε₀A/d

1/C_eq = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ...

C_eq = C₁ + C₂ + ...

U = ½CV² = Q²/2C = ½QV

V = IR

R = ρL/A

P = VI = I²R = V²/R

ΣI = 0 (junction); ΣV = 0 (loop)

R₁/R₂ = R₃/R₄ (balanced)

V = ε − Ir

dB = (μ₀/4π)(Idl × r̂)/r²

B = μ₀I/2πr

B = μ₀NI/2R

B = μ₀nI

n = turns/length

F = BIL sinθ

F = qv × B = qvB sinθ

EMF = −dΦ/dt = −NdΦ/dt

V = −L(dI/dt); Energy = ½LI²

Z = √(R² + (XL − XC)²)

f₀ = 1/(2π√LC)

V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p = I_p/I_s

n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂

sinθ_c = n₂/n₁

For n₁ > n₂

1/v + 1/u = 1/f

1/v − 1/u = 1/f

1/f = (n−1)(1/R₁ − 1/R₂)

m = −v/u (mirror); m = v/u (lens)

β = λD/d

KE_max = hν − φ = eV₀

λ = h/p = h/mv

Eₙ = −13.6Z²/n² eV

rₙ = 0.529n²/Z Å

t½ = 0.693/λ; N = N₀e^(−λt)

A = λN = A₀e^(−λt)

E = mc²