Last Updated: 3 May 2026Verified for JEE 2027
BiologyNEET
Difference Between DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids essential for life. DNA stores genetic information, while RNA helps in protein synthesis.
DNA vs RNA — Comparison Table
| Aspect | DNA | RNA |
|---|---|---|
| Full form | Deoxyribonucleic Acid | Ribonucleic Acid |
| Sugar | Deoxyribose | Ribose |
| Bases | A, T, G, C | A, U, G, C |
| Structure | Double-stranded helix | Usually single-stranded |
| Location | Nucleus (mainly) | Nucleus and cytoplasm |
| Function | Stores genetic information | Protein synthesis, gene regulation |
| Stability | More stable | Less stable |
| Types | Only one type | mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA |
Key Points to Remember
DNA replication is semi-conservative (Meselson-Stahl experiment)
Central Dogma: DNA → RNA (transcription) → Protein (translation)
RNA can act as enzyme (ribozymes)
DNA has thymine; RNA has uracil instead
Exam Relevance
This topic falls under Molecular Basis of Inheritance in Biology for NEET. Questions on the difference between dna and rna appear frequently in competitive exams, both as direct MCQs and as part of numerical/assertion-reason problems.
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